Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

History & Origin

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel descends from small toy spaniels popular in royal courts and noble households from the 16th century onwards. These lap dogs were favourites of King Charles II of England, whose name they carry.

By the 19th century, selective breeding led to the flatter-faced King Charles Spaniel. In the 1920s, breeders worked to restore the older type with a longer muzzle and less domed skull, giving rise to the modern Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.

The Kennel Club recognised the breed in 1945, and it has since become one of the most popular toy breeds in the UK.

What Were They Bred to Do?

Cavaliers were bred as companion dogs for royalty and aristocracy. Their role was to provide affection, companionship, and warmth. Today, they continue to excel as family pets, therapy dogs, and loyal companions, with a natural desire to be close to their humans.

Appearance & Breed Standard

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are small, elegant dogs with a sweet, gentle expression. They have large, dark, soulful eyes, long feathered ears, and a silky coat that flows without excessive curl.

Their four recognised colours are:

• Blenheim: chestnut and white

• Tricolour: black, white, and tan

• Ruby: solid red

• Black and Tan: black with tan markings

Their movement is graceful and free, reflecting their lively yet balanced temperament.

Temperament & Living with a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Cavaliers are affectionate, gentle, and eager to please. They bond closely with their families and thrive on companionship, often following their owners from room to room.

They are friendly with children, strangers, and other pets, making them one of the most sociable breeds. Cavaliers adapt well to flats or houses, provided they get regular exercise and daily interaction.

Exercise & Mental Stimulation

Cavaliers need 45–60 minutes of daily exercise. Walks, play sessions, and light retrieving games are usually sufficient. They enjoy both relaxed strolls and more active play, making them adaptable to their owner’s lifestyle.

Mental stimulation, such as training sessions, scent games, and puzzle toys, helps prevent boredom.

Training & Socialisation

Gentle, eager to please, and food-motivated, Cavaliers are easy to train. Positive reinforcement methods work best, and they often excel in obedience and agility.

Early socialisation ensures they grow into confident, well-rounded adults. They are sensitive and respond poorly to harsh training.

Grooming & Shedding

Cavaliers require moderate grooming:

• Brush 3–4 times per week to prevent tangles in their long, silky coat.

• Feathering on ears, chest, and legs may need extra care.

• Bathe occasionally, as needed.

• Check ears regularly to prevent infections.

They shed moderately year-round.

Health & Longevity (non-diagnostic)

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels typically live 9–14 years.

Health concerns include:

• Mitral Valve Disease (MVD, a heart condition common in the breed)

• Syringomyelia (neurological condition)

• Hip dysplasia and patellar luxation

• Ear infections

• Eye conditions (cataracts, retinal problems)

Responsible breeders test for heart and neurological conditions. Regular vet checks are essential, especially for heart health.

Feeding & Care Basics

Feed a balanced diet suitable for small breeds. Portion control is important, as Cavaliers can gain weight easily. Two measured meals per day are ideal for adults. Healthy treats and dental chews help maintain oral health.

Ethical Sourcing & Adoption (UK)

Choose breeders in The Kennel Club Assured Breeders Scheme who test for hereditary health problems, especially heart and neurological conditions. Breed-specific rescues and charities also rehome Cavaliers in need of families.

Always ask about health screening and socialisation before committing to a puppy.

Legal Note (UK)

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are not subject to breed-specific restrictions in the UK as of 2025.

Is the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Right for You?

Best for:

• Families seeking a gentle, affectionate dog

• Seniors or first-time owners

• Flat or house dwellers who want a loyal, adaptable companion

Think twice if:

• You cannot commit to regular grooming and vet care

• You prefer a low-maintenance or independent dog

• You want a guard dog or highly active working breed

FAQs

1. Are Cavaliers good with children?
   Yes, they are gentle and affectionate, making excellent family pets.

2. How much exercise do Cavaliers need?
   Around 45–60 minutes daily, suited to both relaxed and moderately active households.

3. Do Cavaliers shed a lot?
   They shed moderately year-round, managed with regular brushing.

4. What health issues are common in Cavaliers?
   Heart disease (MVD), syringomyelia, hip problems, and ear infections are the main concerns.

5. Are Cavaliers easy to train?
   Yes, they are eager to please, gentle, and food-motivated, responding well to positive reinforcement.

6. Can Cavaliers live in flats?
   Yes, they adapt well to flat living as long as their exercise and companionship needs are met.