Bernese Mountain Dog

History & Origin

The Bernese Mountain Dog originates from the Swiss canton of Bern, where it was developed as an all-purpose farm dog. Farmers relied on the breed for herding cattle, pulling carts loaded with produce or milk, and guarding homesteads.

One of four Swiss mountain dog breeds (Sennenhunds), the Bernese is the only long-coated variety. Their strength and versatility made them invaluable working dogs in Alpine regions. Recognised by The Kennel Club in 1935, they are now cherished worldwide as loyal companions.

What Were They Bred to Do?

Bernese Mountain Dogs were bred to work on farms, driving cattle, hauling carts, and providing watchful protection. Their heritage as strong, versatile workers explains their calm patience, willingness to help, and attachment to their families.

Appearance & Breed Standard

The Bernese Mountain Dog is a large, strong, and well-balanced dog with a distinctive tri-colour coat.

• Coat: long, thick, slightly wavy double coat

• Colour: black base with rich rust and clear white markings (face blaze, chest, feet, and tail tip)

• Build: broad head, medium-sized triangular ears, and expressive dark eyes

• Movement: powerful and effortless, suited for endurance work

Their appearance is both majestic and approachable, reflecting their heritage as farm guardians.

Temperament & Living with a Bernese Mountain Dog

Bernese Mountain Dogs are affectionate, calm, and good-natured. They are known for their devotion to their families and typically do well with children thanks to their gentle, tolerant nature.

Though loyal, they are not overly protective or aggressive, but they may be reserved with strangers. They are happiest in homes where they can be part of family life and have space to move around.

Exercise & Mental Stimulation

Bernese Mountain Dogs require 1–1.5 hours of daily exercise, including long walks and play. They are not high-energy sprinters but enjoy steady activity and outdoor exploration.

They thrive on mental stimulation too, such as training sessions, cart-pulling, obedience, or scent work, which satisfy their working heritage.

Training & Socialisation

Intelligent and eager to please, Bernese Mountain Dogs are generally easy to train, though they mature slowly and may be puppyish for longer than some breeds. Positive reinforcement works best.

Early socialisation ensures they are confident, well-mannered adults. Gentle consistency is key, as they are sensitive and respond poorly to harsh training.

Grooming & Shedding

The Bernese Mountain Dog has high grooming needs:

• Brush several times a week to manage their thick coat.

• Daily brushing may be needed during seasonal heavy sheds (“blowing coat”).

• Bathe occasionally, especially if they get muddy.

• Maintain regular nail trimming, ear cleaning, and dental care.

They are heavy shedders and not suited for allergy-sensitive households.

Health & Longevity (non-diagnostic)

Bernese Mountain Dogs typically live 7–10 years, shorter than many breeds.

Common health concerns include:

• Hip and elbow dysplasia

• Various cancers (notably common in the breed)

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

• Gastric dilatation-volvulus (bloat)

• Heart conditions

Reputable breeders screen for hips, elbows, and eyes. Regular veterinary care is essential to monitor for health issues.

Feeding & Care Basics

Bernese Mountain Dogs need a high-quality diet suitable for large, working breeds. Portion control is important to prevent obesity, which puts strain on joints. Adults do best on two meals per day. Avoid one large daily meal to reduce the risk of bloat.

Ethical Sourcing & Adoption (UK)

Choose breeders from The Kennel Club Assured Breeders Scheme who carry out health testing. Breed-specific rescues and large-breed charities also rehome Bernese Mountain Dogs. Always ask about health testing, especially for cancer rates in breeding lines.

Legal Note (UK)

Bernese Mountain Dogs are not subject to breed-specific restrictions in the UK.

Is the Bernese Mountain Dog Right for You?

Best for:

• Families with space and time for a large dog

• Owners who enjoy outdoor activities

• Those prepared for heavy grooming and shorter lifespan

Think twice if:

• You live in a small flat with little outdoor access

• You cannot manage shedding and grooming

• You want a long-lived, low-maintenance breed

FAQs

1. Are Bernese Mountain Dogs good with children?
   Yes, they are gentle and affectionate, making excellent family dogs.

2. Do Bernese Mountain Dogs shed a lot?
   Yes, they are heavy shedders with seasonal moults.

3. How much exercise does a Bernese Mountain Dog need?
   Around 1–1.5 hours daily, with steady activities like walks and play.

4. Are Bernese Mountain Dogs easy to train?
   Yes, they are intelligent and eager to please, though slow to mature.

5. What health problems are common in Bernese Mountain Dogs?
   Cancer, hip and elbow dysplasia, bloat, and eye problems.

6. How long do Bernese Mountain Dogs live?
   Typically 7–10 years, which is shorter than most breeds.