History & Origin

The Rottweiler’s history dates back to the Roman Empire, where mastiff-type dogs accompanied legions, driving and guarding cattle. When Romans reached the German town of Rottweil, these dogs were bred with local herding types, producing strong, dependable working dogs.

In the Middle Ages, Rottweilers were valued as “butcher’s dogs,” driving cattle to market and pulling carts laden with meat. Their protective instincts also made them natural guardians of money pouches tied around their owners’ necks.

The breed declined with industrialisation but was revived in the 20th century as a police, military, and guard dog. Recognised by The Kennel Club in 1966, the Rottweiler remains a versatile working breed and companion today.

What Were They Bred to Do?

Rottweilers were bred to herd cattle, pull carts, and guard both livestock and people. Their strength, stamina, and protective instincts are still evident, making them excellent working dogs in modern roles such as search and rescue, police service, and personal protection.

Appearance & Breed Standard

Rottweilers are large, muscular, and well-balanced. They have broad heads, strong jaws, and a confident, steady stance.

Their coat is short, dense, and glossy black with rich tan markings on the face, chest, and legs. Their gait is powerful and purposeful, reflecting their working heritage.

Temperament & Living with a Rottweiler

Rottweilers are confident, calm, and courageous. With the right training and socialisation, they are affectionate family dogs, protective of children, and loyal to their household.

They require experienced owners who can provide firm, consistent leadership without harshness. Poor training or neglect can lead to behavioural issues, so commitment is essential. They thrive in homes with space and structure, not in households seeking a low-maintenance companion.

Exercise & Mental Stimulation

Rottweilers need at least 1.5–2 hours of daily exercise. Activities should include brisk walks, obedience training, and structured play such as fetch or tracking. Mental stimulation is crucial—puzzle toys, scent work, and advanced training help prevent boredom and destructive behaviour.

Training & Socialisation

Early and ongoing training is vital. Rottweilers are highly intelligent and eager to work but need confident, consistent handling. Socialisation from puppyhood—exposure to people, children, animals, and varied environments—ensures they grow into balanced adults.

Positive reinforcement works best; harsh methods risk undermining their trust.

Grooming & Shedding

Rottweilers are low-maintenance:

• Weekly brushing removes loose hair and keeps the coat glossy.

• They shed moderately year-round, more heavily in spring and autumn.

• Regular checks of ears, nails, and teeth are important for health.

Health & Longevity (non-diagnostic)

Rottweilers typically live 8–10 years.

Breed-associated issues include:

• Hip and elbow dysplasia

• Heart conditions (aortic stenosis, cardiomyopathy)

• Cruciate ligament rupture

• Osteosarcoma (bone cancer)

• Eye disorders (entropion, cataracts)

• Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus)

Responsible breeding, health testing, and weight management help reduce risks. Regular vet visits are essential.

Feeding & Care Basics

Rottweilers are prone to weight gain, so portion control is vital. Feed high-quality, balanced diets according to age, size, and activity level. Divide meals to reduce bloat risk. Puppies may need three meals daily; adults usually do well on two.

Ethical Sourcing & Adoption (UK)

Seek breeders within The Kennel Club Assured Breeders Scheme who carry out hip, elbow, and heart testing. Rescue centres and breed-specific rescues often have Rottweilers in need of experienced homes. Always verify health checks and responsible breeding practices.

Legal Note (UK)

Rottweilers are not on the UK’s banned breeds list as of 2025. However, their strength and protective instincts mean responsible ownership, training, and control in public are essential.

Is the Rottweiler Right for You?

Best for:

• Experienced dog owners who can provide training and structure

• Active households with space and secure gardens

• People seeking a loyal, protective, and intelligent companion

Think twice if:

• You are a first-time dog owner

• You cannot commit to daily exercise, training, and mental stimulation

• You need a low-maintenance or highly sociable-with-strangers breed

FAQs

1. Are Rottweilers dangerous?
   No, not when responsibly bred, trained, and socialised. They are loyal and calm but protective if threatened.

2. How much exercise does a Rottweiler need?
   At least 1.5–2 hours daily, including both physical and mental work.

3. Do Rottweilers get along with children?
   Yes, with proper training and supervision. Their size means care is needed around very young children.

4. Do Rottweilers shed a lot?
   Moderate shedding year-round, with heavier seasonal moults.

5. How much does it cost to keep a Rottweiler in the UK?
   Large dogs have higher costs: food (£80–£120 per month), insurance, and vet care can add up to thousands per year.

6. What health issues should I watch for?
   Hip dysplasia, heart problems, cruciate injuries, and cancer are the most notable.