Pomeranian

History & Origin

The Pomeranian descends from large Spitz-type sled and herding dogs from the Arctic regions. Through centuries of selective breeding in Europe, especially in the historical region of Pomerania (today split between Germany and Poland), the breed was miniaturised into the small companion dog we know today.

Its popularity soared in the 19th century when Queen Victoria fell in love with the breed during a trip to Italy. She brought several home, including a smaller orange-coloured Pomeranian, which influenced the breed standard and made the petite version fashionable across Britain.

Recognised by The Kennel Club in 1870, the Pomeranian has remained one of the most popular toy breeds worldwide.

What Were They Bred to Do?

Originally larger Spitz dogs, Pomeranians were bred down in size to serve as companion animals for aristocracy and royalty. Their alertness and bold nature also made them effective watchdogs in miniature. Today, they retain their lively, watchful temperament.

Appearance & Breed Standard

The Pomeranian is a compact, squarely built toy dog with a proud carriage.

• Head: fox-like, with erect ears and alert expression

• Eyes: dark, medium-sized, full of intelligence

• Coat: dense double coat, with a thick undercoat and longer guard hairs that form a frill around the neck and shoulders

• Tail: plumed, carried high and flat over the back

• Colours: orange, cream, black, chocolate, blue, sable, and more

The breed’s fluffy coat and lively expression make it instantly recognisable.

Temperament & Living with a Pomeranian

Pomeranians are bold, curious, and affectionate. Despite their size, they often act like much larger dogs, with a strong guarding instinct and a tendency to be vocal. They thrive on companionship and enjoy being the centre of attention.

They are generally good with older children but may be too delicate for toddlers. Pomeranians can get along with other pets if introduced properly, though they sometimes try to boss bigger dogs around.

Exercise & Mental Stimulation

Pomeranians need around 30-60 minutes of exercise daily, split into short walks and play sessions. They are lively but do not require as much activity as larger breeds.

Mental enrichment, such as training, puzzle toys, and interactive play, helps keep their clever minds stimulated.

Training & Socialisation

Pomeranians are intelligent and quick to learn but can be stubborn. They respond well to positive reinforcement and thrive on consistent, fun training.

House training may take patience due to their small size. Early socialisation is essential to prevent excessive barking or timidity around strangers.

Grooming & Shedding

The Pomeranian’s double coat requires regular care:

• Brush 2-3 times a week (daily during shedding seasons)

• Regular trims around paws and sanitary areas

• Nail trimming, ear cleaning, and dental care are vital

• They shed moderately but noticeably, especially in spring and autumn

Owners should also monitor for matting behind the ears and under the legs.

Health & Longevity (non-diagnostic)

Pomeranians typically live 12-16 years.

Health concerns include:

• Collapsed trachea

• Luxating patella

• Dental problems (common in toy breeds)

• Hypoglycaemia in puppies

• Heart disease

• Coat loss (alopecia X)

Regular vet checks and dental care are especially important.

Feeding & Care Basics

A high-quality diet tailored for toy breeds is recommended. Pomeranians do best on small, frequent meals to support their fast metabolism, especially when young. Portion control prevents obesity, which can worsen joint and breathing issues.

Ethical Sourcing & Adoption (UK)

Choose breeders from The Kennel Club Assured Breeders Scheme who test for hereditary conditions. Many small dog rescues in the UK occasionally rehome Pomeranians, though demand often exceeds availability.

Legal Note (UK)

The Pomeranian is not subject to breed-specific restrictions in the UK.

Is the Pomeranian Right for You?

Best for:

• Owners wanting a lively, affectionate toy dog

• Flats or houses (they adapt well)

• People who enjoy grooming and companionship

Think twice if:

• You prefer a quiet, low-barking breed

• You have very young children who may handle them roughly

• You want a low-maintenance coat

FAQs

1. Do Pomeranians bark a lot?
   Yes, they are naturally vocal and alert watchdogs.

2. Are Pomeranians good with children?
   They do best with older children who understand how to handle small dogs.

3. How much exercise does a Pomeranian need?
   Around 30-60 minutes daily, plus play and training.

4. Do Pomeranians shed a lot?
   Yes, they shed moderately year-round and heavily during moults.

5. Are Pomeranians easy to train?
   Yes, they are intelligent, though sometimes stubborn. Consistency is key.

6. How long do Pomeranians live?
   Typically 12-16 years.