Dog Breeds A–Z
Discover detailed profiles of dog breeds, including their temperament, exercise needs, grooming tips, and suitability for families. Use our filters to find the perfect breed for your lifestyle.
Dog Breeds: A Historical Overview
From Wolves to Dogs
Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are the first animals ever domesticated by humans. They share a common ancestor with the grey wolf, with domestication taking place at least 14,000 years ago – and possibly much earlier.
One of the oldest discoveries, a burial in Bonn-Oberkassel (Germany), shows a dog laid to rest beside humans, a clear sign of their early bond.
Early Partnership with Humans
Domestication likely began when wolves lived near human camps, feeding on scraps. In return, they offered protection and helped with hunting. Over time, this mutual relationship grew stronger, creating a foundation for the many roles dogs would later play.
Roles in Ancient Societies
Archaeological evidence from Siberia reveals that 9,000 years ago dogs were already bred for sled-pulling and hunting.
In ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, dogs were valued as hunters, guardians and companions, often represented in art and mythology as symbols of loyalty and protection.
The First Types of Dogs
Distinct functional types appeared thousands of years ago:
Sight hounds (early greyhounds) – prized for speed.
Mastiff-like dogs – valued for guarding and strength.
Small dogs – used for vermin control.
By the Middle Ages, hunting manuals described many categories, including hounds, spaniels, terriers and mastiffs – each suited to specific tasks.
The Birth of Modern Breeds
The modern idea of a “breed” emerged in the 19th century. In Britain and Europe, selective breeding created many of today’s well-known dogs.
The Kennel Club, founded in 1873, introduced breed standards and pedigrees, making dogs not only working animals but also companions and symbols of status.
Dogs in War and Service
Throughout history, dogs have served in wars as guards, messengers and rescue animals. In the 20th century they became essential in the military and police, trained to detect explosives, assist in search and rescue, and support people with disabilities.
Today’s Dog Breeds
There are now hundreds of recognised breeds worldwide. Some, like the Basenji or Saluki, are considered ancient lineages, while others were shaped in recent centuries through selective breeding.
Each breed reflects both the deep natural partnership between humans and dogs and the cultural values of the societies that bred them.
