Maltese

History & Origin

The Maltese is one of the oldest toy breeds, with origins traced back over 2,000 years. Believed to have developed in the Mediterranean region, the breed is most closely linked with the island of Malta, where it became known as a prized companion for nobility. Throughout history, the Maltese has appeared in art and literature as a lapdog of aristocrats across Europe. Today, it remains a popular pet worldwide, valued for its elegance, charm, and affectionate nature.

What Were They Bred to Do?

Unlike many breeds developed for hunting or working, the Maltese was bred purely as a companion dog. Its role has always been to provide affection, comfort, and charm in the home. This heritage is still clear today – Maltese dogs are happiest when close to their people, enjoying cuddles, play, and attention.

Appearance & Breed Standard

The Maltese is a small but well-proportioned dog with a graceful build. Its most striking feature is the long, flowing, silky white coat, which often reaches the ground in show dogs. The eyes are large, dark, and expressive, framed by a black nose and dark rims. Ears are dropped and feathered, blending with the coat. Despite their delicate appearance, Maltese dogs are lively and sturdy for their size.

Temperament & Living with a Maltese

Maltese dogs are affectionate, playful, and people-focused. They form strong bonds with their families and often follow their owners from room to room. They are gentle with children if treated respectfully, though their small size makes them more suitable for homes with older children. Maltese can adapt well to flat or city living but thrive in households where they are not left alone for long hours. They are alert watchdogs, often quick to bark at noises or visitors.

Exercise & Mental Stimulation

Although small, Maltese dogs are active and enjoy daily walks and play sessions. Around 30-45 minutes of activity per day is usually sufficient. They also benefit from indoor games and mental enrichment, such as puzzle toys and basic training exercises. Puppies should have short, gentle playtimes, while older adults still need regular but manageable activity to stay healthy and engaged.

Training & Socialisation

The Maltese is intelligent and eager to please, making them highly trainable with positive reinforcement. They enjoy learning tricks and commands, and training sessions can double as mental stimulation. Early socialisation is important to reduce shyness or excessive barking. House-training may take patience due to their small size, but consistency and encouragement work well.

Grooming & Shedding

The Maltese requires dedicated grooming. Their long, silky coat needs daily brushing to prevent tangles and mats. Many pet owners opt for a shorter “puppy cut” to make maintenance easier. Regular bathing helps keep the white coat clean, and trimming around the eyes prevents staining. They are low-shedding but not maintenance-free. Routine care – nail trimming, ear cleaning, and dental hygiene – is especially important in this breed.

Health & Longevity

Maltese dogs are generally long-lived, with a lifespan of 12-15 years. Common health issues include dental disease, luxating patella (loose kneecaps), and eye problems such as tear staining or cataracts. They can also be prone to hypoglycaemia as puppies. Responsible breeders in the UK carry out health checks on breeding dogs. Regular vet care, dental cleaning, and maintaining a healthy weight support longevity.

Feeding & Care Basics

A high-quality diet appropriate for small breeds is recommended. Because of their small size, Maltese dogs need carefully measured meals to avoid obesity. Puppies may need several small meals daily, while adults do well on two meals a day. Dental health is a priority, so incorporating dental chews or brushing teeth regularly is advised.

Ethical Sourcing & Adoption (UK)

Prospective owners should seek breeders who are transparent about health testing and welfare. Although Maltese are less common in rescues than larger breeds, they can sometimes be found through toy breed rescue organisations and animal charities. Avoid buying from online adverts or puppy farms, where health and socialisation may be compromised.

Legal Note (UK)

The Maltese is not restricted under UK law. Owners are subject to general dog control regulations and are responsible for ensuring their pets are safe, healthy, and well cared for.

Is the Maltese Right for You?

Best for:

• Owners seeking a small, affectionate companion

• Families with older children or adults at home most of the time

• People able to commit to regular grooming

Think twice if:

• You want a very low-maintenance dog

• You are away from home for long working hours

• You have very young children who may accidentally injure a small dog

FAQs

How much does a Maltese cost in the UK?
Puppies from reputable breeders usually cost £1,200-£2,000. Rescue adoption fees are lower.

Do Maltese dogs shed much?
No, they shed very little, but their coat requires regular grooming to prevent matting.

Are Maltese good with children?
They are affectionate with older, respectful children, but their small size makes them less suited to rough play.

How much exercise does a Maltese need?
Around 30-45 minutes per day, plus indoor play and mental stimulation.

Are Maltese suitable for first-time owners?
Yes, with dedication to grooming and training, they make excellent pets for first-time owners.

What health issues affect Maltese dogs?
Dental problems, luxating patella, and eye conditions are the most common concerns.